如何查看VPS的硬盘驱动器信息

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这是一项快速检查硬盘驱动器状态的技术。请注意，此方法仅适用于您可以真正访问物理硬盘驱动器的专用服务器。它不适用于存储被虚拟化的虚拟服务器。
硬盘驱动器包括一个名为SMART（自我监控、分析和报告技术）的板载监控系统，该系统可以“检测和报告驱动器可靠性的各种指标，以预测即将发生的硬件故障”。各种统计数据和数据都保存在机上，您可以查询这些以获取可以告诉您有关驱动器历史记录的信息。
首先，安装 smart-tools 包。例如，在 Debian 系统上：

Code:

apt-get install smartmontools

接下来，查询有问题的驱动器：

Code:

smartctl -a /dev/sdg

例如，下面是一个几乎全新（使用不到 72 小时）Western Digital 6TB Black SATA 驱动器的报告：

Code:

# smartctl -a /dev/sdg smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-4.9.0-16-amd64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model:    WDC WD6003FZBX-00K5WB0 Serial Number:    V9JGEZSL LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 0bde2c0ba Firmware Version: 01.01A01 User Capacity:    6,001,175,126,016 bytes [6.00 TB] Sector Sizes:    512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical Rotation Rate:    7200 rpm Form Factor:      3.5 inches Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall] ATA Version is:  ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4 SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s) Local Time is:    Sun Jul 11 11:52:27 2021 PDT SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED General SMART Values: Offline data collection status:  (0x82) Offline data collection activity was completed without error. Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled. Self-test execution status:      (  0) The previous self-test routine completed without error or no self-test has ever been run. Total time to complete Offline data collection: (  87) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities:  (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time:  (  2) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time:  ( 593) minutes. SCT capabilities:        (0x0035) SCT Status supported. SCT Feature Control supported. SCT Data Table supported. SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG    VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE   1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate    0x000b  100  100  016    Pre-fail  Always      -      0   2 Throughput_Performance  0x0004  133  133  054    Old_age  Offline      -      92   3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0007  100  100  024    Pre-fail  Always      -      0   4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0012  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      1   5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct  0x0033  100  100  005    Pre-fail  Always      -      0   7 Seek_Error_Rate        0x000a  100  100  067    Old_age  Always      -      0   8 Seek_Time_Performance  0x0004  128  128  020    Old_age  Offline      -      18   9 Power_On_Hours          0x0012  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      69 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0012  100  100  060    Old_age  Always      -      0 12 Power_Cycle_Count      0x0032  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      1 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      4 193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0012  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      4 194 Temperature_Celsius    0x0002  141  141  000    Old_age  Always      -      39 (Min/Max 25/41) 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      0 197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0022  100  100  000    Old_age  Always      -      0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable  0x0008  100  100  000    Old_age  Offline      -      0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x000a  200  200  000    Old_age  Always      -      0 SMART Error Log Version: 1 No Errors Logged SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t] SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS     1        0        0  Not_testing     2        0        0  Not_testing     3        0        0  Not_testing     4        0        0  Not_testing     5        0        0  Not_testing Selective self-test flags (0x0):   After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

以下是报告中的一些参数：

• Power_On_Hours：这将为您提供驱动器已通电的总小时数。这并不意味着一定在使用中，而是它被旋转起来并接收电力。
  
• Power_Cycle_Count：驱动器多久循环一次？
  
• Raw_Read_Error_Rate，Seek_Error_Rate，Offline_Uncorrectable：理想情况下，这些应该为零。
  
• Reallocated_Event_Count：理想情况下，这应该为零或非常低的数字。
  
• SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: 毫不奇怪，您希望它说通过。
  

如果您收到的驱动器的使用年限表明它已经使用了几年，或者有很多错误，您可能希望联系您的供应商并要求进行预防性更换，而不是冒故障的风险。