如何查看VPS的硬盘驱动器信息

[netflix]

这是一项快速检查硬盘驱动器状态的技术。请注意，此方法仅适用于您可以真正访问物理硬盘驱动器的专用服务器。它不适用于存储被虚拟化的虚拟服务器。
硬盘驱动器包括一个名为SMART（自我监控、分析和报告技术）的板载监控系统，该系统可以“检测和报告驱动器可靠性的各种指标，以预测即将发生的硬件故障”。各种统计数据和数据都保存在机上，您可以查询这些以获取可以告诉您有关驱动器历史记录的信息。
首先，安装 smart-tools 包。例如，在 Debian 系统上：

代码:

apt-get install smartmontools

接下来，查询有问题的驱动器：

代码:

smartctl -a /dev/sdg

例如，下面是一个几乎全新（使用不到 72 小时）Western Digital 6TB Black SATA 驱动器的报告：

代码:

# smartctl -a /dev/sdg
smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-4.9.0-16-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     WDC WD6003FZBX-00K5WB0
Serial Number:    V9JGEZSL
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 0bde2c0ba
Firmware Version: 01.01A01
User Capacity:    6,001,175,126,016 bytes [6.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    7200 rpm
Form Factor:      3.5 inches
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Sun Jul 11 11:52:27 2021 PDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (   87) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:  (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:  (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:  ( 593) minutes.
SCT capabilities:        (0x0035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   100   100   016    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0004   133   133   054    Old_age   Offline      -       92
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0007   100   100   024    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   005    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000a   100   100   067    Old_age   Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0004   128   128   020    Old_age   Offline      -       18
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       69
10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0012   100   100   060    Old_age   Always       -       0
12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       4
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       4
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   141   141   000    Old_age   Always       -       39 (Min/Max 25/41)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0008   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x000a   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

以下是报告中的一些参数：

• Power_On_Hours：这将为您提供驱动器已通电的总小时数。这并不意味着一定在使用中，而是它被旋转起来并接收电力。
  
• Power_Cycle_Count：驱动器多久循环一次？
  
• Raw_Read_Error_Rate，Seek_Error_Rate，Offline_Uncorrectable：理想情况下，这些应该为零。
  
• Reallocated_Event_Count：理想情况下，这应该为零或非常低的数字。
  
• SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: 毫不奇怪，您希望它说通过。
  

如果您收到的驱动器的使用年限表明它已经使用了几年，或者有很多错误，您可能希望联系您的供应商并要求进行预防性更换，而不是冒故障的风险。